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Research Database
GloHub's online research database serves global health enthusiasts by providing digestible summaries of journal articles.
These articles are specifically curated to highlight inequities in health spanning various intersections.
Results
Emergency Department Use Across Income Groups Following an Increase in Cost-Sharing
Wu Y., Wang D.Y., Zhao S., Wang M.H., Wong E.L.-Y., Yeoh E.-K.
This study is crucial in understanding the impact of increased cost-sharing on emergency department (ED) use, particularly after the fee for emergency care in Hong Kong's public hospitals rose from HK$100 to HK$180 in 2017. Analyzing over 5 million ED patients, the study found a significant decrease in urgent and nonurgent ED visits across all income groups following the fee increase, but no notable changes in emergency condition visits. The reduction in urgent care among low-income groups and the lack of substantial change in emergency visits underscore the need for further research on the long-term health effects of cost-sharing policies.
Association of Prior COVID-19 Vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Death in Children and Young Persons during the Omicron Variant Period in Brazil
Oliveira E.A., Oliveira M.C.L., Simões E Silva A.C., Colosimo E.A., Mak R.H., Pinhati C.C., Martelli H., Jr
This study provides essential insights into the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in children and young individuals during the Omicron variant period in Brazil. Analyzing data from nationwide information surveillance systems, it highlights the variable effectiveness of different vaccine regimens against symptomatic Omicron infection and COVID-19–related death across various age groups. Notably, while the overall effectiveness against symptomatic infection was relatively low, significant protection against COVID-19–related death, especially after the booster dose, was observed. This study's findings are crucial for understanding vaccine performance in young populations, guiding public health strategies and vaccination campaigns.
Floods and Diarrhea Risk in Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Wang P., Asare E.O., Pitzer V.E., Dubrow R., Chen K.
In the face of climate change, floods have become more frequent and intense, posing a health risk to young children in low- and middle-income countries. This study uncovers a significant association between flood exposure and increased diarrhea risk in children under 5 years, particularly following severe or prolonged floods and those preceded by drought. These findings underscore the urgency of addressing climate change impacts and improving water, sanitation, and hygiene practices to protect vulnerable children's health from these environmental challenges.
Small Area Geographic Estimates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in India
Ko S., Oh H., Subramanian S.V., Kim R.
In India, the study reveals significant variability in cardiovascular disease risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity at small area levels within districts. This variability suggests the need for targeted health policies and interventions at the micro-level to manage and prevent these risk factors effectively. The study underscores the importance of localized data to address health disparities and tailor public health strategies.
Changes in the Place of Death of Patients With Cancer After the Introduction of Insurance-Covered, Home-Based Hospice Care in Korea
Yun I., Jang S.-I., Park E.-C., Jang S.-Y.
This study explores the impact of health insurance coverage for home-based hospice care on the place of death among Korean patients with cancer. It concludes that after the introduction of insurance-covered home-based hospice care, patients with cancer were more likely to die at home, a preference for many with terminal illness. This finding suggests that such policies may enhance the quality of life at the end of life and highlights the importance of expanding home-based hospice care options.
Association Between a State-Level Fat Tax and Fast Food Purchases
Agarwal S., Ghosh P., Zhan C.
This study investigates the impact of a state-level fat tax on fast food purchases in Kerala, India. The findings reveal that the implementation of the fat tax was associated with a significant decrease in fast food purchases. This indicates the potential effectiveness of fiscal policies in altering consumer behavior towards healthier food choices. The study provides valuable insights into policy measures that can address diet-related health issues, including obesity.
The Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Workforce
Petrucci B., Okerosi S., Patterson R.H., Hobday S.B., Salano V., Waterworth C.J., Brody R.M., Sprow H., Alkire B.C., Fagan J.J., Tamir S.O., Der C., Bhutta M.F., Maina I.W., Pang J.C., Daudu D., Mukuzi A.G., Srinivasan T., Pietrobon C.A., Hao S.-P., Nakku D., Seguya A., Din T.F., Mbougo O.D., Mokoh L.W., Jashek-Ahmed F., Law T.J., Holt E.A., Bangesh A.H., Zemene Y., Ibekwe T.S., Diallo O.R., Alvarado J., Mulwafu W.K., Fenton J.E., Agius A.M., Doležal P., Mudekereza É.A., Mojica K.M., Rueda R.S., Xu M.J.
This article presents a detailed survey of the global workforce in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS). It highlights the density of OHNS clinicians worldwide and variations across different regions and income groups. The study underscores the critical role of OHNS clinicians in managing ear diseases, rhinologic disorders, and upper aerodigestive mucosal cancer. The findings emphasize the need for targeted investment in training and policy development to address global disparities in OHNS clinician availability.
Analysis of the Breast Cancer Journey in Namibia
Boucheron P., Zietsman A., Pontac J., Hansen R., Anderson B.O., Togawa K., Macharia P.M., Foerster M., Schüz J., Dos-Santos-Silva I., McCormack V.
Breast cancer is a major concern for women in Namibia, a multiracial country with significant inequalities. This study, using the World Health Organization's Global Breast Cancer Initiative framework, highlights the disparity in survival rates and treatment experiences among women of different races in Namibia. It reveals that Black women face the lowest survival rates and emphasizes the need for interventions to promote early diagnosis and treatment completion among all women to improve breast cancer survival.
Association of Ambient Temperature With the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Among Partnered Women in Low- and Middle-Income South Asian Countries
Zhu Y., He C., Bell M., Zhang Y., Fatmi Z., Zhang Y., Zaid M., Bachwenkizi J., Liu C., Zhou L., Chen R., Kan H.
The study investigates the correlation between higher temperatures and increased intimate partner violence (IPV) in South Asia. Analyzing data from over 194,000 women in India, Nepal, and Pakistan, it found each 1°C rise in annual mean temperature associated with a 4.49% increase in IPV prevalence. Under scenarios of unmitigated climate change, IPV could rise by 21% by century's end. This research underscores the urgent need to address the compound challenges of climate change and IPV in vulnerable low- and middle-income countries.
Effect of Extracurricular After-School Physical Activities on Academic Performance of Schoolchildren: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Wang D., Xiong R., Zhang J., Han X., Jin L., Liu W., Qu Y., Chen Q., Chen S., Chen X., Li Y., He M., Zeng Y., Liu Y.
This study examines the impact of additional after-school physical activity on the academic performance of Chinese schoolchildren. It found that introducing two hours of extracurricular physical activity outdoors did not compromise academic performance and was beneficial for physical fitness. This offers valuable insights into the balance between academic and physical development in educational systems, particularly in competitive contexts like China.
Temporal Trend in Suicide Mortality for Chinese Adolescents, 2008 to 2021
Tian Y., Luan M., Chen H., Zhang J.
This research aims to understand the trends in suicide mortality among Chinese adolescents from 2008 to 2021. Such studies are crucial for public health and policy-making, as they help identify patterns and potential areas of intervention to improve adolescent mental health and prevent suicides.
Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Vaccine in Children and Adolescents in India: A Phase 2-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
Gunale B., Kapse D., Kar S., Bavdekar A., Kohli S., Lalwani S., Meshram S., Raut A., Kulkarni P., Samuel C., Munshi R., Gupta M., Plested J.S., Cloney-Clark S., Zhu M., Pryor M., Hamilton S., Thakar M., Shete A., Dharmadhikari A., Bhamare C., Shaligram U., Poonawalla C.S., Mallory R.M., Glenn G.M., Kulkarni P.S., The COVOVAX-Ped study group
This study provides critical insights into the safety and effectiveness of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine in children and adolescents in India. It plays a vital role in understanding vaccine responses in this demographic, contributing significantly to global COVID-19 vaccination strategies and public health policies.
Effects of a Contextual Adaptation of the Unified Protocol in Multiple Emotional Disorders in Individuals Exposed to Armed Conflict in Colombia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Castro-Camacho L., Barlow D.H., García N., Farchione T.J., Idrobo F., Rattner M., Quant D.M., González L., Moreno J.D.
This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effectiveness of a culturally and contextually adapted Unified Protocol (CXA-UP) in treating severe emotional disorders, including PTSD, anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints, among internally displaced persons in Colombia. The findings reveal significant improvements in these conditions, maintained even at a 3-month follow-up. This study underscores the potential of tailored psychological interventions in conflict-affected regions, highlighting the importance of cultural and contextual adaptation in treating complex emotional disorders
Second Primary Cancer among Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Following the Chernobyl Disaster
Taha A., Taha-Mehlitz S., Nadyrov E.A., Zinovkin D., Veyalkin I., Levin L., Pranjol M.Z.I., Melling N., Honaker M.D., Cattin P.C., Schmid R.A.
This research is pivotal as it's one of the first comprehensive population-based studies to assess the risk of developing second malignant tumors in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Conducted over 31 years in Belarus, it analyzed patients with primary PTC and second malignant tumors. The findings reveal a statistically significant increase in the incidence of solid secondary tumors in both men and women following the disaster. This study highlights the long-term health impacts of nuclear accidents and underscores the importance of ongoing health monitoring for survivors of such events.
War and Health Care Services Utilization for Chronic Diseases in Rural and Semiurban Areas of Tigray, Ethiopia
Gebrehiwet T.G., Abebe H.T., Woldemichael A., Gebresilassie K., Tsadik M., Asgedom A.A., Fisseha G., Berhane K., Gebreyesus A., Alemayoh Y., Gebresilassie M., Godefay H., Gesesew H.A., Tesfaye S., Siraj E.S., Aregawi M.W., Mulugeta A.
The war in Tigray, Ethiopia, has severely disrupted health care services, particularly for chronic diseases. This study found that during the war period, only 21% of patients with chronic diseases had continued treatment, a significant drop from the prewar period. This disruption is likely leading to increased morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for local, national, and global policymakers to understand the extent of the service disruption and work towards its restoration.
Reported Methods, Distributions, and Frequencies of Torture Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Milewski A., Weinstein E., Lurie J., Lee A., Taki F., Pilato T., Jedlicka C., Kaur G.
This comprehensive review provides crucial insights into the prevalent methods of torture and their global distribution. It emphasizes the need for further research on the health consequences of the most common torture methods to develop effective treatments for torture survivors. The study sheds light on the widespread nature of torture and the urgency of addressing its impact on health.
Screen Time and Developmental Performance among Children at 1-3 Years of Age in the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Yamamoto M., Mezawa H., Sakurai K., Mori C.
This study investigates the impact of TV and DVD screen time on the developmental performance of children aged 1 to 3 years in Japan. The findings reveal a negative association between increased screen time and developmental scores. Higher screen time at ages 1 and 2 is linked to lower developmental scores at ages 2 and 3, respectively. These insights highlight the importance of managing screen time in early childhood and suggest the need for supporting parents in fostering healthier media habits to ensure optimal child development.
Comparison of Hospitalization for Nonaffective Psychotic Disorders among Refugee, Migrant, and Native-Born Adults in Sweden and Denmark
Cullen A.E., De Montgomery C.J., Norredam M., Bergström J., Krasnik A., Taipale H., Mittendorfer-Rutz E.
This study highlights the higher likelihood of hospitalization for nonaffective psychotic disorders among refugee, nonrefugee, and second-generation migrants compared to native-born individuals in Sweden and Denmark. It points to the need for targeted mental health services and support for migrant populations, considering their unique challenges and healthcare requirements.
Military Medicine's Value to US Health Care and Public Health: Bringing Battlefield Lessons Home
Kellermann A.L., Kotwal R.S., Rasmussen T.E.
This article emphasizes the significant impact of military medicine on U.S. healthcare and public health. It highlights how lessons learned on the battlefield can be effectively applied to improve civilian medical practices, showcasing the value of military innovations and experiences in enhancing overall healthcare quality and preparedness.
National Estimates of the Adult Diabetes Care Continuum in India, 2019-2021
Varghese J.S., Anjana R.M., Geldsetzer P., Sudharsanan N., Manne-Goehler J., Thirumurthy H., Bhattacharyya S., Narayan K.M.V., Mohan V., Tandon N., Ali M.K.
Diabetes in India presents challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and control. This survey, part of India's Fifth National Family Health Survey, involved over 1.8 million adults and found a 6.5% diabetes prevalence, with 74.2% diagnosed and 65.5% achieving control. Urban areas, older populations, and wealthier households showed higher rates of diagnosis and treatment. The study reveals considerable variation at the district level, highlighting the need for targeted local interventions.
Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 51 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
Yoo S.G.K., Chung G.S., Bahendeka S.K., Sibai A.M., Damasceno A., Farzadfar F., Rohloff P., Houehanou C., Norov B., Karki K.B., Azangou-Khyavy M., Marcus M.E., Aryal K.K., Brant L.C.C., Theilmann M., Cífková R., Lunet N., Gurung M.S., Mwangi J.K., Martins J., Haghshenas R., Sturua L., Vollmer S., Bärnighausen T., Atun R., Sussman J.B., Singh K., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Guwatudde D., Geldsetzer P., Manne-Goehler J., Huffman M.D., Davies J.I., Flood D.
This study addresses the global cardiovascular disease burden by evaluating aspirin use for secondary prevention across 51 countries. It highlights the underutilization of aspirin, especially in low-income countries, and calls for better health policies to promote its use.
Association between childhood BMI trajectories and cardiometabolic risk and mental health problems at the age of 13 years: the cohort STudy of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS)
Chen Y., Dangardt F., Friberg P.
This Swedish study investigated BMI trajectories from birth to 13 years and their association with cardiometabolic risks and mental health problems. It identified three distinct BMI trajectories: normal gain, moderate gain, and excessive gain. Children with excessive BMI gain showed higher risks of cardiometabolic issues and stress-related symptoms. These findings are significant as they indicate that BMI trajectories established before the age of 2 can predict health outcomes at 13, emphasizing the importance of early-life interventions to prevent future health problems.
Effects of public financing of essential maternal and child health interventions across wealth quintiles in Nigeria: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis
Mao W., Watkins D., Sabin M.L., Huang K., Langlois E., Ogundeji Y., Fogstad H., Schäferhoff M., Yamey G., Ogbuoji O.
This analysis investigates the impact of public financing of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services in Nigeria, a country with high maternal and newborn mortality rates. The study evaluates the health and financial benefits of a public financing policy assuming zero out-of-pocket costs for 18 essential MNCH services. Findings indicate substantial reductions in maternal and under-5 deaths, private expenditure, and cases of catastrophic health expenditure, particularly among poorer households. This research highlights the cost-effectiveness of public financing in MNCH services and its potential to reduce health and socioeconomic inequalities in Nigeria.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and polygenic risk for high BMI magnify obesity risk across childhood: a longitudinal, population, cohort study
Kerr J.A., Dumuid D., Downes M., Lange K., O'Connor M., Thornton L., Mavoa S., Lycett K., Olds T.S., Edwards B., O'Sullivan J.M., Juonala M., Burgner D., Wake M.
This longitudinal, population cohort study explored how socioeconomic disadvantage and polygenic risk factors interact to magnify childhood obesity risk. The research revealed that these factors appear to operate additively across a child's life, with little evidence of interaction. The findings underscore the independent and significant influences of both socioeconomic and genetic factors on childhood obesity. The study also highlights the potential benefits of interventions targeting socioeconomic disadvantages to reduce obesity risk in adolescence, offering valuable insights for public health strategies aimed at tackling childhood obesity.
Incidence and outcomes for stroke in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, during 2019–21: a prospective population-based study
Banzrai C., Bosookhuu O., Yadamsuren E., Dambasuren B., Turbat S., Erdenedalai T., Myadagsuren M., Munkhtur U., Baatar K., Boldbayar P., Avirmed T., Badrakh B., Ouyang M., Chen X., Wang X., Anderson C.S.
This study reveals a high incidence of stroke in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, especially concerning intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Notably, strokes occur at a younger age compared to high-income countries, and the high mortality and dependency rates post-stroke highlight the need for improved stroke care and prevention strategies. This study's insights into stroke epidemiology in Mongolia are crucial for guiding healthcare planning and policy-making to address this significant public health challenge.
Identifying priority interventions using the Behaviour Change Wheel to improve public primary school food environments in urban South Africa
Erzse A., Karim S.A., Rwafa-Ponela T., Kruger P., Hofman K.J., Foley L., Oni T., Goldstein S.
This South African study used the Behaviour Change Wheel model to identify interventions for improving school food environments. The study emphasized the role of schools in influencing dietary behaviors and obesity rates among children and adolescents. Key interventions included regulating the types of food sold in schools, implementing child-friendly warning labels on unhealthy foods, and training school staff. This research represents a significant step toward informed policymaking and resource allocation to combat childhood obesity in South Africa.
Effectiveness and co-benefits of a telephone-based intervention in reducing obesity risk of children aged 2-4 years: findings from a pragmatic randomised controlled trial during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Wen L.M., Taki S., Xu H., Phongsavan P., Rissel C., Hayes A., Baur L.A.
This study evaluated a telephone-based intervention aimed at reducing childhood obesity risk, particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic when face-to-face health programs were limited. The intervention, focusing on healthy eating and physical activity, showed significant effectiveness in lowering BMI among children from low-income families and increased healthy eating habits. It highlights the potential of remote interventions in addressing public health challenges, especially for low-income and culturally diverse families.
Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and associations with physical health and wellbeing in low-income and middle-income countries: a multinational cross-sectional study
Sinharoy S.S., Chery L., Patrick M., Conrad A., Ramaswamy A., Stephen A., Chipungu J., Reddy Y.M., Doma R., Pasricha S.-R., Ahmed T., Chiwala C.B., Chakraborti N., Caruso B.A.
The study reveals a high prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding among women in low- and middle-income countries, with considerable variation across different regions. This condition significantly impacts physical health and quality of life, emphasizing the need for greater awareness, understanding, and management of this common but often overlooked health issue.
The voices of children on movement behaviours: implications for promoting international guidelines to support obesity-prevention efforts
Kariippanon K.E., Aguilar-Farias N., El Hamdouchi A., Hongyan G., Lubree H., Okely A.D., Tremblay M.S., Draper C.E.
By focusing on the perspectives of young children from diverse global communities, this research underscores the importance of considering cultural and environmental contexts when promoting international movement behavior guidelines for obesity prevention. The study highlights that while physical activities occur mainly through play, various barriers such as safety concerns and weather affect outdoor play. The research suggests tailoring obesity-prevention strategies to local realities, emphasizing the value of children's voices in shaping health-promoting behaviors.
Associations of childhood-to-adulthood body size trajectories and genetic susceptibility with the risks of osteoarthritis: a population-based cohort study of UK Biobank data
Zeng M., Chen S., Fan T., Yang H., Cao P., Wang Z., Zhang Y., Zhang Y., Hunter D., Yang Q., Ding C., Zhu Z.
The study from the UK Biobank investigated the association between body size trajectories from childhood to adulthood and the risk of osteoarthritis. It found that all body size trajectories, except for the average-to-normal group, showed an increased risk of osteoarthritis. The risk was particularly high for those transitioning from thinner to obesity. This research suggests that maintaining a normal body size in adulthood could significantly reduce osteoarthritis cases. It emphasizes the importance of weight management across the lifespan to prevent osteoarthritis.
Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health intervention coverage in 70 low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–30: trends, projections, and inequities
Rahman M.M., Rouyard T., Khan S.T., Nakamura R., Islam M.R., Hossain M.S., Akter S., Lohan M., Ali M., Sato M.
This research provides a comprehensive analysis of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) intervention coverage in 70 low-income and middle-income countries. The findings indicate only a few countries are on track to meet the 80% composite coverage index (CCI) target by 2030. Significant regional differences and disparities based on urban-rural divide, education, and income levels suggest the need for tailored policies to improve RMNCH coverage and address existing inequalities.
Periconceptional diet and the risk of gestational diabetes in south Indian women: findings from the BAngalore Nutrition Gestational diabetes LiFEstyle Study (BANGLES)
Mahendra A., Kehoe S.H., Kumaran K., Krishnaveni G.V., Arun N., Pidaparthy P., Kini P., Taskeen U., Fall C.H.D.
The BANGLES study investigated the relationship between periconceptional diet and the risk of gestational diabetes among South Indian women. It found that consumption of whole grains, moderate egg intake, and higher intake of pulses, legumes, nuts, and seeds were associated with a lower risk of gestational diabetes. The study emphasizes the importance of diet diversity and a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI to prevent gestational diabetes, underscoring the need for culture-specific dietary guidelines and policies to enhance food affordability.
Sex differences in mortality among children, adolescents, and young people aged 0–24 years: a systematic assessment of national, regional, and global trends from 1990 to 2021
Chao F., Masquelier B., You D., Hug L., Liu Y., Sharrow D., Rue H., Ombao H., Alkema L., Cao B., Gaigbe-Togbe V., Spoorenberg T., Strong K.L., Suzuki E.
This comprehensive assessment reveals that globally, boys are more likely to die than girls of the same age, with the mortality sex ratio increasing with age. The study also identifies countries with outlying sex ratios, suggesting disparities in healthcare, nutrition, and violence. The global number of excess female deaths decreased from 1990 to 2021, pointing to progress but also the need for continued targeted interventions to reduce sex-based mortality disparities.
Association between air raids and reported incidence of cholera in Yemen, 2016–19: an ecological modelling study
Tarnas M.C., Al-Dheeb N., Zaman M.H., Parker D.M.
This study establishes a significant association between air raids and cholera incidence in Yemen, even after accounting for geographical, environmental, economic, and demographic factors. The findings indicate that areas with severe air raids experienced a notably higher incidence of cholera. This underscores the impact of human actions, particularly in conflict settings, on health outcomes. The study highlights the need for ceasefire, peacebuilding efforts, and reconstruction of infrastructure and economic systems to mitigate health crises like cholera outbreaks in conflict-affected areas.
An intergenerational life-course approach to address early childhood obesity and adiposity: the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI)
Kumaran K., Birken C., Baillargeon J.-P., Dennis C.-L., Fraser W.D., Huang H., Fan J., Lye S., Matthews S.G., Norris S.A.
HeLTI addresses early childhood obesity and adiposity through an innovative intergenerational life-course approach, starting before conception and continuing through early childhood. This multinational initiative, involving Canada, China, India, and South Africa, aims to reduce childhood adiposity and optimize early child development by integrating interventions across multiple stages of life. By focusing on maternal health behaviors, psychosocial support, infant nutrition, and parenting skills, HeLTI seeks to mitigate the intergenerational risk of obesity, offering a comprehensive model for addressing early life risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID and post-COVID-19 condition in Africa: a systematic review
Müller S.A., Isaaka L., Mumm R., Scheidt-Nave C., Heldt K., Schuster A., Abdulaziz M., El Bcheraoui C., Hanefeld J., Agweyu A.
This systematic review focused on the prevalence and risk factors for long COVID in Africa. It included 24 studies covering eight African countries and found a wide prevalence range, from 2% to 86%. Factors associated with long COVID included female sex, older age, non-Black ethnicity, lower education levels, and severity of the initial infection. The study emphasizes the need for better understanding and management of long COVID in Africa, particularly among children who represent a significant portion of the population. It also highlights the importance of harmonizing research tools globally for more effective data collection on long COVID.
The effect of public policy on high BMI trends of Mexican children: an interrupted time series analysis
Bernal-Serrano D., Contreras-Loya D., Choperena-Aguilar D., Arreola-Ornelas H., Merino-Juárez G.A.
The study analyzed the impact of public policies on high BMI trends in Mexican children. Between 1990 and 2019, there was an increase in high BMI among children under 5 years, with a temporary decrease observed after the introduction of policies between 2006 and 2011. This study provides insights into the complex relationship between public policy, socioeconomic factors, and childhood obesity trends in Mexico.
Prevalence of injecting drug use and HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Aghaei A.M., Gholami J., Sangchooli A., Rostam-Abadi Y., Olamazadeh S., Ardeshir M., Baheshmat S., Shadloo B., Taj M., Saeed K., Rahimi-Movaghar A.
This research provides crucial insights into the prevalence of injecting drug use (IDU) and associated HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The study highlights the underdeveloped nature of harm-reduction services and the need for improved data collection and service provision in the region, critical for addressing public health challenges related to IDU and associated infectious diseases.
A comparison of the NIRUDAK models and WHO algorithm for dehydration assessment in older children and adults with acute diarrhoea: a prospective, observational study
Levine A.C., Gainey M., Qu K., Nasrin S., Sharif M.B.-E., Noor S.S., Barry M.A., Garbern S.C., Schmid C.H., Rosen R.K., Nelson E.J., Alam N.H.
This study addresses the challenge of accurately and rapidly assessing dehydration severity in patients with acute diarrhoea, particularly in older children and adults. It validates a clinical decision support tool (CDST) and a simplified score for dehydration severity, comparing them with the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm. The NIRUDAK models, both full and simplified, include various clinical signs like eye level, skin pinch, respiration depth, and others for assessment. The study found that the NIRUDAK models performed better than the WHO algorithm, especially in patients over five years with cholera and/or wasting. This research is significant for improving clinical diagnostic models for dehydration associated with diarrhoea, contributing to better health outcomes.
Causes of stillbirth and death among children younger than 5 years in eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia: a population-based post-mortem study
Madrid L., Alemu A., Seale A.C., Oundo J., Tesfaye T., Marami D., Yigzaw H., Ibrahim A., Degefa K., Dufera T., Teklemariam Z., Gure T., Leulseged H., Wittmann S., Abayneh M., Fentaw S., Temesgen F., Yeshi M.M., Dubale M., Girma Z., Ackley C., Damisse B., Breines M., Orlien S.M.S., Blau D.M., Breiman R.F., Abate E., Dessie Y., Assefa N., Scott J.A.G., Deresa M., Mengesha G., Samuel T., Taye E., Aliyi M., Feyissa G., Tilahun Y., Wakwaya G., Tadesse S., Asnake K., Ayalew M., Kidane A., Azore E., Berhanu M., Berihun M., Deresa M., Assegid N., Voller S., Mekonnen M., Alemaheyu A., Sarkodie-Mensah N., Morrison B., Jibendi B., Worku A., Mirkuzie A., Getnet F.
In Ethiopia, where child mortality is high, this study aimed to provide reliable data on the causes of stillbirth and child deaths. It established a death notification system in health facilities and communities in eastern Ethiopia. The study identified four major causes of death in children under 5 years: perinatal asphyxia or hypoxia, infections, birth defects, and malnutrition. Among stillbirths, perinatal asphyxia or hypoxia was the most common underlying cause, followed by birth defects. Neonatal deaths were primarily caused by neonatal sepsis. This study's findings are crucial for informing health practices and policies aimed at reducing child mortality in Ethiopia.
Quantitative estimates of preventable and treatable deaths from 36 cancers worldwide: a population-based study
Frick C., Rumgay H., Vignat J., Ginsburg O., Nolte E., Bray F., Soerjomataram I.
This comprehensive study highlights the global impact of cancer, emphasizing the potential for prevention and treatment across 185 countries. It categorizes cancer deaths among individuals aged 30-69 years into preventable (avoidable through primary or secondary prevention) and treatable (avoidable through curative treatment) categories. In 2020, over half of the nearly 10 million cancer deaths occurred prematurely (before age 70), accounting for 182.8 million years of life lost (YLLs). The study underscores the significant variance in cancer burden across countries with different human development indices (HDIs). For instance, lung cancer was the major contributor to preventable premature YLLs in countries with medium to very high HDI, whereas cervical cancer was predominant in low HDI countries.
Associations between parental adherence to healthy lifestyles and risk of obesity in offspring: a prospective cohort study in China
Qi Y., Lv R., Zhao M., Huang Y., Zhang Y., Zhang H., Song P., Li Z., Jia P., Zhang H., Yang Z., Lai J., Yuan C.
This study from China underscores the influence of parental lifestyle on childhood obesity. Analyzing over 5,800 participants, it found that children of parents with healthier lifestyles had a 42% lower risk of obesity. This association was evident in both maternal and paternal behaviors, emphasizing the role of parental health choices in preventing childhood obesity. The findings advocate for promoting healthy lifestyles among parents as a primary strategy against childhood obesity.
Real-world impact of integrating HIV assisted partner services into 31 facilities in Kenya: a single-arm, hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness study
Sharma M., Naughton B., Lagat H., Otieno G., Katz D.A., Wamuti B.M., Masyuko S., Bosire R., Mugambi M., Roy Paladhi U., Weiner B.J., Kariithi E., Farquhar C.
This study provides evidence for the effectiveness and safety of assisted partner services (APS) in HIV clinics in Kenya. The implementation of APS significantly increased the identification and retention in care of male partners, who generally have lower rates of HIV testing. This approach shows promise for addressing gender disparities in HIV testing and treatment, with minimal reported adverse events like intimate partner violence or relationship dissolution.
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in The Gambia: an analysis of routinely collected surveillance data between March, 2020, and January, 2022
Kanteh A., Jallow H.S., Manneh J., Sanyang B., Kujabi M.A., Ndure S.L., Jarju S., Sey A.P., Damilare K D., Bah Y., Sambou S., Jarju G., Manjang B., Jagne A., Bittaye S.O., Bittaye M., Forrest K., Tiruneh D.A., Samateh A.L., Jagne S., Hué S., Mohammed N., Amambua-Ngwa A., Kampmann B., D'Alessandro U., de Silva T.I., Roca A., Sesay A.K.
This study analyzed the genomic epidemiology of nearly 12,000 SARS-CoV-2 cases in The Gambia from March 2020 to January 2022. It revealed that each wave of infections was associated with the introduction of new viral variants. The study underscores the importance of efficient surveillance, especially during rainy seasons, and highlights the role of sequencing in monitoring and controlling COVID-19. These findings are significant for understanding the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia and can inform strategies to control future outbreaks.
Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Kim M.S., Hwang J., Yon D.K., Lee S.W., Jung S.Y., Park S., Johnson C.O., Stark B.A., Razo C., Abbasian M., Abbastabar H., Abhari A.P., Aboyans V., Adane D.E.A., Adebayo O.M., Alahdab F., Almustanyir S., Aly H., Ameyaw E.K., Anderson J.A., Andrei C.L., Aryan Z., Aujayeb A., Bagherieh S., Baltatu O.C., Banach M., Bayileyegn N.S., Bearne L.M., Behnoush A.H., Bensenor I.M., Bhaskar S., Bhat A.N., Bhat V., Bikbov B., Bintoro B.S., Burkart K., Cámera L.A., Catapano A.L., Chandrasekar E.K., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chi G., Chukwu I.S., Chung S.-C., Cirillo M., Coberly K., Costa V.M., Dadras O., Dai X., Do T.C., Doshi R., Ekholuenetale M., Elgendy I.Y., Elhadi M., Fagbamigbe A.F., Feizkhah A., Fekadu G., Gill P.S., Goldust M., Golechha M., Guan S.-Y., Gupta V.K., Hadei M., Hadi N.R., Hammoud A., Hankey G.J., Harlianto N.I., Hasaballah A.I., Hassan S., Hassen M.B., Heidari G., Hostiuc M., Ilesanmi O.S., Iwagami M., Jokar M., Jonas J.B., Joshua C.E., Jozwiak J.J., Kazemian S., Keykhaei M., Khalaji A., Khan M.A., Khateri S., Kibret B.G., Korzh O., Koulmane Laxminarayana S.L., Krishan K., Kumar A., Kumar M., Kuttikkattu A., Laksono T., Larijani B., Le T.T.T., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lorkowski S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Malhotra K., Manla Y., Maugeri A., Mentis A.-F.A., Mestrovic T., Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá A.C., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A., Mishra M., Mohammad Y., Mokdad A.H., Moni M.A., Montasir A.A., Moradi Y., Moraga P., Morovatdar N., Mousavi-Aghdas S.A., Murray C.J.L., Naghavi M., Nair T.S., Nassereldine H., Natto Z.S., Nguyen D.H., Nguyen H.Q., Nguyen V.T., Noubiap J.J., Oancea B., Oliveira G.M.M., Owolabi M.O., Padron-Monedero A., Perico N., Petcu I.-R., Radfar A., Rafferty Q., Rahman M., Rahman M.A., Ram P., Rashedi S., Rashid A.M., Rawaf S., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaee M., Roever L., Saad A.M.A., Saadatagah S., Sadeghi M., Sahebkar A., Saleh M.A., Samy A.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Sepanlou S.G., Seylani A., Sharfaei S., Shorofi S.A., Singh J.A., Singh P., Spartalis M., Sundström J., Tan K.-K., Teramoto M., Tharwat S., Tyrovolas S., Valadan Tahbaz S., Van den Eynde J., Vart P., Wang C., Wang F., Westerman R., Xia J., Xu S., Yada D.Y., Yamagishi K., Yonemoto N., Zahir M., Zangiabadian M., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zoladl M., Hay S.I., Shin J.I., Roth G.A.
This analysis presents a comprehensive assessment of the global impact of peripheral artery disease (PAD), a growing public health concern. Significantly, it found an increased global prevalence, particularly in older populations and women, and highlighted that modifiable risk factors contribute to approximately 70% of the global PAD burden. This finding underscores the potential for public health measures targeting these risk factors to significantly reduce the prevalence of PAD, particularly in low-to-middle income countries.
Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data
Badr H.S., Colston J.M., Nguyen N.-L.H., Chen Y.T., Burnett E., Ali S.A., Rayamajhi A., Satter S.M., Van Trang N., Eibach D., Krumkamp R., May J., Adegnika A.A., Manouana G.P., Kremsner P.G., Chilengi R., Hatyoka L., Debes A.K., Ateudjieu J., Faruque A.S.G., Hossain M.J., Kanungo S., Kotloff K.L., Mandomando I., Nisar M.I., Omore R., Sow S.O., Zaidi A.K.M., Lambrecht N., Adu B., Page N., Platts-Mills J.A., Mavacala Freitas C., Pelkonen T., Ashorn P., Maleta K., Ahmed T., Bessong P., Bhutta Z.A., Mason C., Mduma E., Olortegui M.P., Peñataro Yori P., Lima A.A.M., Kang G., Humphrey J., Ntozini R., Prendergast A.J., Okada K., Wongboot W., Langeland N., Moyo S.J., Gaensbauer J., Melgar M., Freeman M., Chard A.N., Thongpaseuth V., Houpt E., Zaitchik B.F., Kosek M.N.
Focusing on diarrhoeal disease, a major cause of childhood illness and death globally, this study modeled the spatiotemporal variation in pediatric Shigella infection across low- and middle-income countries. By mapping predicted prevalence and considering environmental factors, the study provides crucial information for targeting interventions like the forthcoming phase 2 trials of the Shigella vaccine. These insights are particularly relevant for regions where Shigella causes significant child mortality and thrives in warm, moist conditions.
Proportions of and trends in exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young adolescents aged 12–16 years in 142 countries and territories, 1999–2018: an analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys
Ma C., Yang H., Sun J., Zhao M., Magnussen C.G., Xi B.
This analysis examined exposure to tobacco advertisements among young adolescents in 142 countries over nearly two decades. It found a high global proportion of adolescents exposed to pro-tobacco messages and a lower but significant exposure to anti-tobacco advertisements. There was a general decrease in both pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisement exposure from 1999 to 2018. The study underscores the ongoing need for stringent tobacco control regulations and enhanced anti-tobacco marketing to combat tobacco use among young people.
Parental lifestyle patterns around pregnancy and risk of childhood obesity in four European birth cohort studies
Lecorguillé M., Schipper M., O'Donnell A., Aubert A.M., Tafflet M., Gassama M., Douglass A., Hébert J.R., Kelleher C., Charles M.-A., Phillips C.M., Gaillard R., Lioret S., Heude B.
This comprehensive study highlights the significant impact of parental lifestyle factors around the time of pregnancy on childhood obesity risks. The findings show a clear association between high parental BMI, smoking, poor diet, or sedentary lifestyle before or during pregnancy, and increased risk of childhood overweight and obesity. This research underscores the importance of considering combined lifestyle factors and the critical role of parental health and habits in early intervention strategies for childhood obesity prevention.
The risk of perinatal mortality following short inter-pregnancy intervals—insights from 692 402 pregnancies in 113 Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 countries: a population-based analysis
Ali M.M., Bellizzi S., Shah I.H.
This study emphasizes the importance of optimal inter-pregnancy intervals in reducing perinatal mortality. Analyzing over 692,000 pregnancies, it found that intervals shorter than 6 months carry a 2.72 times higher risk of perinatal death compared to the recommended 18-23 months. Notably, the study challenges WHO's recommendation of a 6-month wait following pregnancy loss, suggesting no increased risk for perinatal death in such cases. These insights are crucial for global maternal and child health policies, particularly in regions with high perinatal mortality rates.
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